This article will share cautions of scientists with readers who may have become tired of ‘social distancing’: between COVID-19 and Cabin Fever, the later is a comparative breeze to cope with.
Stay home. Wear a respirator (N95) if you go out.
Five other things:
- Scientists now say COVID-19 did not come from a laboratory. FPM.news will show readers the scientific communities’ map of transmission paths for thousands of different SARS2 strains and how they spread around the world. It’s an animal virus, animals whose habitat humans encroached is both a true statement and the likely explanation for this and other viruses soon to hit.
- COVID-19 is not Chinese although many Asians caught a strain of the virus in places where pangolins can be found. Asia.
- COVID-19 kills anyone who intakes too heavy a load of the SARS-CoV-2.
- Most politicians have been telling you whopping lies, led by a scurrilous United States administration that has lost all credibility with legitimate public servants around the globe but has the support of a handful of scalawags operating tinpot dictatorships. Nonetheless America’s medical community works quietly and discreetly with other global communities.
- Climate change and humans’ careless damage to the environment has encroached on the habitats of other species, destroyed 83% of Earth’s wild mammals, leaving their microbial pathogens no choice but to seek other mammals. You.
Update and Analysis by Micheal John and Sharon Santiago
The author whose PhD is in Public Health is the team lead for a multi-partner virus test and treat program for HIV-infected war-zone rape survivors. The project is aimed at testing new medications while helping patients who are mostly sexual violence survivors.
Updates from what the foremost Doctors are saying this week.
On Sunday, Dr. Deborah Birx, a White House coronavirus task force expert, said to Chuck Todd in an appearance on NBC’s highly cited Meet the Press, that “Social distancing will be with us through the summer to really ensure that we protect one another as we move through these phases.”
On Monday World Health Organization, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said at a WHO briefing, “The world should have listened to the WHO carefully.”
“We advised the whole world to implement a comprehensive public health approach – find, test, contact tracing and so on… The countries [which] followed that are in a better position than others.”
The point is well taken with a quick glance at global covid-19 statistics which indicates an enormous gap in performances fighting the COVID-19 outbreak. Nations like Taiwan, South Korea, Germany, New Zealand, Iceland and the countries shown in the following list which in each case are women-led nations.
Dr. Tedros is correct. Nations following the Test-Treat-Trace protocols have suppressed the impact of the virus on their populations. Readers can check each nation here.
- Chancellor Angela Merkel (Germany)
- President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (Liberia)
- President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner (Argentina)
- Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wajed (Bangledesh)
- President Dalia Grybauskaite (Lithuania)
- Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar (Trinidad and Tobago)
- President Dilma Rousseff (Brazil)
- President Atifete Jahjaga (Kosovo)
- Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt (Denmark)
- Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller (Jamaica)
- President Park Geun-hye (South Korea)
- Prime Minister Alenka Bratusek (Slovenia)
- Prime Minister Sibel Siber (Cyprus (North))
- Prime Minister Aminata Touré (Senegal)
- Prime Minister Erna Solberg (Norway)
- Prime Minister Laimdota Straujuma (Latvia)
- President Catherine Samba-Panza (Central African Republic)
- President Marie-Louise Coleiro Preca (Malta)
- Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz (Poland)
- President Tsai Ing-wen (Taiwan)
- de facto President Carrie Lam (Hong Long)
- Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern (New Zealand)
Foremost epidemic authority, Prof. Ferguson, warns that early ending of social distancing could bring about startling death rate increases.
Also on Monday, Imperial College epidemiologist Professor Neil Ferguson said that “if the healthy go back to work while the vulnerable remain in lockdown there will be a huge increase in virus fatalities [in the United Kingdom] and as many as 100,000 more deaths.”
Dr. Ferguson also noted that he has not seen a single country achieve the level of shielding necessary to allow for a reduction in social distancing.
Ferguson and other scientists are saying what Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has been telling Canadians in a global breath of solitary sober sanity, “We’ll wait for a vaccine.”
According to Dr. Ferguson, “social isolation will need to be kept in place until a pharmaceutical intervention is found, whether that is a vaccine or treatment drugs, and one is unlikely within the next year”.
Dr. Tony Fauci says testing and tracing in the USA must be accelerated to avoid a bad winter .
On Tuesday, Dr. Anthony Fauci, who heads the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases says that “the blueprint for testing requires cooperative efforts of both US States and the federal government.”
Dr. Fauci is opposes American states reopening businesses prematurely, saying it could cause “a rebound to get us right back in the same boat that we were in a few weeks ago… it’s then inevitable that we will have a return of the virus, or maybe even that it never went away.”
If you thought Climate Change was a hoax, that paradigm can get you killed by a microorganism that needs to find a new plentiful host species as mankind clobbers the microbes’ last host.
Humans know very little about SARS-CoV-2 but what is known about the current outbreak is that it is far from over.
Bats, pangolins and camels know more than humans, hence scientists are studying how these mammals manage to suppress their own immune system from overreaction and how their T-cells fight the virus into dormancy.
Humans have been doing that successfully with HIV for the past decade with prophylaxis medications and have only just begun to understand the gains fully. Some 170,000 HIV patients have had extraordinarily good outcomes.
One thing that has been learned is that research takes a long time. Vaccines take seemingly forever. Treatments are all about protecting and also preparing human cells and in particular the T-cells, the body’s soldiers that fight pathogens.
It’s been decades since the fight against HIV began.
In 20 years of HIV study and treatment, humankind is close to a vaccine and has a significant treatment but may be on the verge of a cure.
Health science has managed to reduce HIV viral loads in patients to undetectable levels. The solutions are very sophisticated relative to mankind’s limited understanding of these thousands of viruses.
Scientists suggest this pandemic is still in its infancy the COVID-19 outbreak isn’t a toddler yet. The sickness is horrible and the death from it is worse, obviously. (Citing recent study )
According to the WHO, in the United States and in Canada as well as in Africa and in most parts of South America, the novel coronavirus pandemic is just getting under way. COVID-19 is killing babies and grandpas.
“Most of FPM.news‘s writers are professional health care workers and have seen patients die from their body’s reaction to this ferocious virus. Rest assured it is an awful thing to see and worse to experience,” notes Melissa Hemingway.
SARS2 is killing pregnant mothers and killing men of any age—mostly men but it can and does kill anyone. Infants seem to be assuredly given a death sentence if they are significantly infected.
Virus load can set the outcome of an infection say frontliners.
“The determining factor is virus load—how many airborne particles of the virus a person takes into their respiratory system, or how many SARS-CoV-2 particles they put there with their hands after picking it up from a smooth surface or the front of their mask,” notes Karinna Angeles, a front-line nurse practitioner with The Nurses Without Borders.
The study of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is intense.
Bats, camels, and pangolins are sources of viruses matching the one causing COVID-19. There are thousands of strains.
It is unknown which one is the precise source of the current outbreak. It may not be only one. While this novel coronavirus evolves and there are literally thousands of genomes (strains), it is generally considered to be ‘stable’ by most experts.
North America. Transmission of COVID-19 disease for Canada mostly from Europe & USA. Photo Art: Rosa Yamamoto FPM.news
Based on published metagenomic data, a recent study conducted by TaoZhang , Qunfu Wu and Zhigang provides the first report on a potential close relationship of Pangolin-CoV to SARS-CoV-2 (which causes COVID-19), discovered from dead Malayan pangolins after extensive rescue efforts. Aside from Bat-CoV RaTG13, the Pangolin-CoV is the coronavirus most closely related to SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing the current deadly pandemic.
“But we still do not know exactly, and may never know from which animal the SARS-CoV-2 has crossed from one mammal to another,” says Dr. Qunfu Wu.
There are thousands of complete genomes available now increasing by hundreds every day. Each is only slightly different implying that the virus is relatively stable. It likely will mutate as do others. Photo Art: Rosa Yamamoto FPM.news
Humans are the most prolific of all mammals. As other species are stressed by human habitat encroachment the microbes will make their moves for survival.
Environmental scientists , Rob Phillips, and Ron Milo concluded in early 2018 that while humans are just 0.01% of all life they have destroyed 83% of wild mammals in a study “The biomass distribution on Earth“, reported by the National Academy of Sciences in the United States.
The Impact of Humanity on the Biosphere.
“Over the relatively short span of human history, major innovations, such as the domestication of livestock, adoption of an agricultural lifestyle, and the Industrial Revolution, have increased the human population dramatically and have had radical ecological effects. Today, the biomass of humans (≈0.06 Gt C; SI Appendix, Table S9) and the biomass of livestock (≈0.1 Gt C, dominated by cattle and pigs; SI Appendix, Table S10) far surpass that of wild mammals, which has a mass of ≈0.007 Gt C (SI Appendix, Table S11). This is also true for wild and domesticated birds, for which the biomass of domesticated poultry (≈0.005 Gt C, dominated by chickens) is about threefold higher than that of wild birds (≈0.002 Gt C; SI Appendix, Table S12). In fact, humans and livestock outweigh all vertebrates combined, with the exception of fish. Even though humans and livestock dominate mammalian biomass, they are a small fraction of the ≈2 Gt C of animal biomass, which primarily comprises arthropods (≈1 Gt C; SI Appendix, Tables S13 and S14), followed by fish (≈0.7 Gt C; SI Appendix, Table S15). Comparison of current global biomass with prehuman values (which are very difficult to estimate accurately) demonstrates the impact of humans on the biosphere.
Read: “The biomass distribution on Earth” (Yinon M. Bar-On, Rob Phillips, and Ron Milo)
Conclude that mammalian species will face a rise of fungi and molds, parasitic and pathogenic microbial anomalies.
Microbes must evolve and even mutate to meet the process of change as Earth temperatures rise, and the balance of living things also changes.
Coping with viruses is slow work. What we have learned from HIV virus: AntiRetroviral Therapy (ART) using several ARV medicines
Since we mentioned HIV Treatment, here is an illustration that explains the treatment concept of AntiRetroviral Therapy (ART) using several ARV medicines in combination (now often in a single pill) aimed at suppressing the virus in the human body to undetectable levels (the best that can be achieved so far).
AntiretToviral Therapy (ART) could be obsolete someday, as scientists have successfully used immune cells to kick the dormant form of HIV out of its hiding place and destroy it. These findings may soon lead to an HIV vaccine that also has benefits for patients who have achieved virus suppression.
Will ART work against the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus? We do not know but it is under test.
HIV treatment plan of “Test and Treat”
1. Get tested.
2. If positive, get treated.
3. Stick to your treatment plan to suppress the virus & reduce its presence in your body to undetectable or barely detectable levels.
You will be healthier and will not be spreading the virus.
Info Source: US Department of Health and Human Services.
Photo Art: Rosa Yamamoto FPM.news
Each of the following labs have contributed a different strain genome or more to the global data bank. In each case their respective nations’ population should be proud of their work.
Over 3000 Genomes. These are the laboratory sources that submitted to the central databank to provide the graphs shown above.
Caution: It takes a scientist to draw valid conclusions but only after the pandemic has run its course and all the data are in. What’s important to note is the diversity of strains and the ability to sequence them. We know the disease comes from other mammals, not chemistry kids, labs or mad scientists. We also know it’s happening because of climate change, pollution and most of all the combined human encroachment on the habitats of many species.
- ACT Pathology, The Canberra Hospital
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases , Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratories
- Akershus University Hospital, Department for Microbiology and Infectious Disease Control
- Alaska State Virology Laboratory
- Albertsen lab, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Denmark
- Andersen lab at Scripps Research
- Andersen Lab, The Scripps Research Institute
- Area de Secuenciacion del Laboratorio de Virologia del Hospital de Ninos Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome Sequencing
- Arizona Department of Health Services
- Arizona State University
- Arizona State University Health Services
- ARS Algarve – Laboratorio Laura Ayres
- Auckland Hospital
- AZ Department of Health Services
- AZ SPHL, Arizona Department of Health Services
- Bamrasnaradura Hospital
- BCCDC Public Health Laboratory
- Beijing Genomics Institute
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology
- Bergthaler laboratory, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
- Bethany Hospital
- BGI & Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences & General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People’s Liberation Army of China
- BGI-shenzhen & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
- BioInfoExperts, LLC
- Bioinformatics Laboratory – LNCC
- Bioinformatics Laboratory / LNCC
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs
- Biolab Diagnostic Laboratories
- Brian D. Allgood Army Community Hospital
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology
- Bureau of Laboratories
- Cabinet Medical
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory
- California Department of Health
- California Department of Public Health
- Center for Disease prevetion and Control of PLA
- Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna
- Center of Medical Microbiology, Virology, and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Lishui
- Centers for Disease Control, R.O.C.
- Central chest Institute of Thailand
- Central Public Health Laboratory/Octavio Magalhaes Institute from the Ezequiel Dias Foundation
- Central Virology Laboratory
- Centre for Dengue Research
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology , College of Medicine University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital , part of the Laboratory Network of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology – Public Health
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Public Health
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology- Public Health
- Centre Hositalier Universitaire de Rouen Laboratoire de Virologie
- Centre Hospitalier Compiegne Laboratoire de Biologie
- Centre Hospitalier de Bourg en Bresse
- Centre Hospitalier de Macon
- Centre Hospitalier de Valence
- Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes Laboratoire de Virologie
- Centre Hospitalier Rene Dubois Laboratoire de Microbiologie – Bat A
- Centre Hospitalier Saint Joseph Saint Luc
- Centro Hospital do Porto, E.P.E. – H. Geral de Santo Antonio
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto
- CH Compiegne Laboratoire de Biologie
- CH Jean de Navarre Laboratoire de Biologie
- CH Jeanne de Navarre Laboratoire de Biologie
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology; Institut fur Mikrobiologie der Bundeswehr, Munich
- CHBarreiro Montijo
- Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health
- Chiu Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco
- CHMT
- Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- CHRU Bretonneau – Serv. Bacterio-Virol.
- CHRU Pontchaillou – Laboratoire de Virologie
- CHTMAD
- CHU – Hopital Cavale Blanche – Labo. de Virologie
- CHU Coimbra – Pediatrico
- CHU Coimbra
- CHUA – Faro
- CHULC – H Curry Cabral
- CHULC – H D Estefania
- Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
- Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile
- Clinical Diagnostics Laboratory, Diagnostic & Experimental Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories
- Clinical Laboratory
- Clinical Microbiology Lab
- Clinique AVERAY LA BROUSTE, Med. Polyvalente
- CMIP
- CNR Virus des Infections Respiratoires – France SUD
- Collaboration between the University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and the Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory
- COMPLEJO ASISTENCIAL UNIVERSITARIO DE BURGOS
- Connecticut State Department of Public Health
- COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium
- COVID-19 Network Investigations Alliance
- CR&WISCO GENERAL HOSPITAL
- CT-Dr. Katherine A. Kelley State Public Health Lab
- Dasman Diabetes Institute
- Dasman Diabetes Institute and Virology Laboratory Ministry of Health
- DC Public Health Lab/ Dept. of Forensic Sciences
- deCODE genetics
- Departamento de Biologia y genetica molecular, IACA Laboratorios.
- Department for Virology, Molecular Biology and Genome Research, R. G. Lugar Center for Public Health Research, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province
- Department of Clinical Microbiology
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, 23 Tsing Chung Koon Road, Tuen Mun, N.T.
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, The Florey Institute, The Medical School, University of Sheffield
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma , Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy
- Department of Inspection,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Lishui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Triemli Hospital
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
- Department of Medical Microbiology
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand 2. Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases – Health Science Centre 3. Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
- Department of microbiology laboratory,Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest QEII Medical Centre
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Princess Margaret Hospital
- Department of Pathology, Toshima Hospital
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge
- Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Huslab Finland
- Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine, Medicum University of Helsinki
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenahgen S
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine
- Dept. of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Dept. of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, National Veterinary Services Laboratories
- District Surveillence Unit
- Division of Consolidated Laboratories
- Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Zurich
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre
- Dunedin Hospital
- Dutch COVID-19 response team
- E. Gulbja Laboratorija
- EHPAD – Residences les Cedres
- Erasmus Medical Center
- ErasmusMC
- Filter by Submitting Lab
- FL Bur. of Public Health Laboratories-Jacksonville
- FL Bureau of Health Laboratories Tampa
- FL Bureau of Public Health Laboratories-Miami
- FL Bureau of Public Health Laboratories-Tampa
- Foundation Elisabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis
- Foundation Pamm
- FSBSI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences” & NRC “Kurchatov institute”
- FSBSI “Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences”
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- GA Department of Public Health
- GA Department of Public Health Laboratory
- Gen Era Diagnostics Inc.
- General Hospital of Central Theater Command of People’s Liberation Army of China
- Genomic Laboratory
- Genomic Laboratory , Istanbul Technical University
- GH Les Portes du Sud
- GH Nord Essonne Service de Biologie clinique
- GIGA Medical Genomics
- Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies
- Grubaugh Lab – Yale School of Public Health
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provincial Public Health
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention; Guangdong Provinical Public Health
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention;Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health
- Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health
- Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provinical Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre
- Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar
- Gundersen Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory
- H Braga
- H Dr. Nelio Mendonca – Funchal
- H Evora
- H Garcia de Orta
- H Santarem
- Hangzhou Center for Disease and Control Microbiology Lab
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Hangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention
- Harborview Medical Center
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Public Health Laboratories
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Public Health Laboratories, Unit of Bioinformatics and Applied Genomics
- Hematology Laboratory, Section of Molecular Diagnostics, University Clinical Centre, Medical University of Gdansk
- HI Dept. of Health, State Laboratories Division
- Hong Kong Department of Health
- Hopital franco britannique – Laboratoire
- Hopital Instruction des Armees – BEGIN
- Hopital Robert Debre Laboratoire de Virologie
- Hopitaux universitaires de Geneve Laboratoire de Virologie
- HOSPITAL DE CRUCES.
- Hospital de Talca, Chile
- HOSPITAL GENERAL DE SEGOVIA
- Hospital General Regional No.66, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua.
- Hospital General y Universitario de Guadalajara
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
- Hospital of Southern Norway – Kristiansand, Department of Medical Microbiology
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE
- Hospital San Pedro
- HOSPITAL SANTA MARIA NAI
- Hospital Sao Joaquim Beneficencia Portuguesa
- HOSPITAL TXAGORRITXU
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol/Fundacio Lluita contra la SIDA /IRTA-CReSA
- Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron – Vall d’Hebron Research Institute
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias
- HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO LA PAZ
- Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal
- HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO VIRGEN DE LAS NIEVES
- HSE Ilha Terceira – Angra do Heroismo
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Human Genetic Research Center
- HUS Diagnostiikkakeskus, Hallinto
- IA State Hygienic Laboratory
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases
- IL Department of Public Health Chicago Laboratory
- Illinois Department of Public Health Chicago Laboratory
- IN State Department of Health Laboratory Services
- Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Virology
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology
- Infectious Disease Control Center
- Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center
- INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS
- Insepction Center of Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Inspection Center of Hanghzou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Inspection Center of Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Instirut Pasteur Dakar
- Institut des Agents Infectieux Hospices Civils de Lyon
- Institut des Agents Infectieux , Hospices Civils de Lyon
- Institut Medico legal- Hop R. Poincare
- Institut Pasteur Dakar
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar
- Institute for Medical Research, Infectious Disease Research Centre, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia
- Institute information KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
- Institute of Applied Biotechnologies a.s.
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich
- Institute of Microbiology Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- Institute of Microbiology, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava; Comenius University Science Park, Bratislava
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava; Public Health Authority of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz Interdisciplinary Procedures Center Strategic Laboratory
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Interdiciplinary Procedures Center, Strategic Laboratory
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Interdisciplinary Procedures Center, Strategic Laboratory
- Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos
- Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencia Epidemiologicos
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
- Instituto Nacional de Salud
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Instituto Alexander von Humboldt Imperial College-London London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt, Imperial College-London, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
- Instituto Nacional de Saude
- Instituto Octavio Magalhaes / Fundacao Ezequiel Dias
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ – Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles
- Instituto Sabin
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Lab
- Ishikawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science
- Israel Institute for Biological Research
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G. Caporale”
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise “G.Caporale”
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dellAbruzzo e Molise G. Caporale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie
- Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah Hospital
- JABER AL AHMAD AL SABAH HOSPITAL KUWAIT CITY
- James Molecular Lab – OSUWMC
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control & Prevention
- Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases, Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology
- Klinik Hirslanden Zurich
- Klinisk mikrobiologi och vardhygien Halmstad
- Klinisk mikrobiologi Orebro
- Klinisk mikrobiologi, Region Vasterbotten
- Kochi Prefectural Institute of Public Health
- Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases Division of Viral Diseases
- KRISP, KZN Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform
- KS Health and Environmental Laboratories
- KU Leuven, Clincal and Epidemiological Virology
- KU Leuven, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology
- L’Air du Temps
- LA Office of Public Health Laboratories
- Lab voor klinische biologie
- LABM GH nord Essonne
- LABM GH nord Essonne de Longjumeau – BP 125
- Labo BM – Site de Juvisy – Hopital General
- Laboiratorio Fleury
- Laboratoire de Virologie Institut de Virologie – INSERM U 1109 Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg
- Laboratoire de Virologie, HUG
- Laboratoire National de Sante
- Laboratoire National de Sante, Microbiology, Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics
- Laboratoire National de Sante, Microbiology, Virology
- Laboratoire Nationale de Sante, Microbiology, Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics
- Laboratoire Nationale de Sante, Microbiology, Virology
- Laboratoire Virpath, CIRI U111, UCBL1, INSERM, CNRS, ENS Lyon
- Laboratoriemedicin
- Laboratorio Analisis Clinicos, Unidad de Servicios Diagnosticos, Swiss Medical Group
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiologia-DLVIE / Laboratorio de Secuenciacion-Centro de Instrumentos. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
- Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica Professor Goncalo Moniz LACEN/BA
- Laboratorio de Ecologia de Doencas Transmissiveis na Amazonia, Instituto Leonidas e Maria Deane – Fiocruz Amazonia
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Biotecnologia y Biologia Molecular.Instituto Nacional de Salud.Peru
- Laboratorio de Referencia Nacional de Virus Respiratorio. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Peru
- Laboratorio de Virologia del Hospital de Ninos Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica del Estado de Mexico
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica del Estado de Puebla
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Publica del Estado de Queretaro
- Laboratorio Hermes Pardini
- Laboratorio Simili
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Dept. Genomics, Gene Center of the LMU Munich
- Laboratory Medicine
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Diagnostyka sp. z o.o.
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology International Center fro Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
- Laboratory of Recombinant Vaccines
- Laboratory of Virology
- Laboratory of Virology, INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS
- LACEN RJ – Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica Noel Nutels
- LACEN-AL – Laboratorio Central de Alagoas
- LACEN-BA – Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica Professor Goncalo Moniz
- LACEN-SC – Laboratorio Central de Santa Catarina
- LACEN/ES – Laboratorio Central de Saude Publica do Espirito Santo
- Lapland Central Hospital
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre
- Le Chateau de Seine-Port
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
- MA State Public Health Laboratory
- Maison de Sante du Val d’Ormois
- Malaysia Genome Institute
- Mason Lab
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health
- Mater Pathology
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, LMU Munich
- MD DOH Laboratories Administration
- MHC Drente
- MHC Flevoland
- MHC Gooi & Vechtstreek
- MHC Kennemerland
- MHC Utrecht
- MHC West-Brabant
- Microbial Genomics Core Lab, National Taiwan University Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Monteivdeo
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory and Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory and Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
- Microbiology and Immunology
- Microbiology and Immunology department
- Microbiology, Virology and Biemergency Laboratory-ASST FBF Sacco
- Ministry of Health Turkey
- Minnesota Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory
- MO State Public Health Laboratory
- Molecular Diagnostic Services
- Molecular Diagnostic Services and FLowpath
- Monash Medical Centre
- Motol University Hospital
- MRCG at LSHTM Genomics Lab
- MRCG at LSHTM Geomics lab
- MSHS Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
- MSHS Pathogen Surveillance Program
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, National Centre for Infectious Diseases
- National Influenza Center – Instituto Adolfo Lutz
- National Influenza Center – National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
- National Influenza Center, Indian Council of Medical Research – National Institute of Virology
- National Influenza Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology
- National Influenza Center, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology
- National Influenza Centre, National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control & Prevention, CCDC
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics
- National Institute of Health. Department of medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
- National Microbiology Laboratory
- National Public Health Laboratory
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases
- National Reference Center for Viruses of Respiratory Infections, Institut Pasteur, Paris
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine , Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center
- NC State Laboratory of Public Health
- NE Public Health Laboratory
- Nebraska Public Health Laboratory
- NewYork-Presbyterian & Mason Lab
- NH Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Labs
- NH Dept. of Health and Human Services Public Health Labs
- NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Pathogenic Microbiology
- NIC Viral Respiratory Unit – Institut Pasteur of Algeria
- NJ Public Health and Environmental Laboratories
- NMIMR, Department of Virology
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Virology
- NSW Health Pathology – Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services; Westmead Hospital; University of Sydney
- NSW Health Pathology – Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research; Westmead Hospital; University of Sydney
- NV State Public Health Laboratory
- NV-Southern Nevada Public Health Laboratory
- NYU Langone Health
- Ochsner Health
- OH Department of Health Laboratory
- Onderzoeksgroep Virologie
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion
- OR State PHL-Virology/Immunology Section
- Oregon State Public Health- Virology section
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology
- Ospedale Civile Castel Di Sangro
- Ospedale Civile Giuseppe Mazzini
- Ospedale Civile Giuseppe Mazzini, Teramo
- Ospedale Civile S. Liberatore di Atri
- Ospedale Regionale San Salvatore
- Ospedale San Liberatore di Atri
- OSU Wexner Medical Center
- PA Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories
- Parc des Dames
- Pathogen Discovery, Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Pathogen Sequencing Lab, National Institute for Biomedical Research
- Pathogenic Microorganisms Variability Laboratory
- Pathology Queensland
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA
- Praram 9 Hospital
- Presidio Ospedaliero “S. Spirito” – PESCARA
- Presidio ospedaliero “Santo Spirito”
- Presidio Ospedaliero Santo Spirito
- Prince of Wales Hospital
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School
- Providence Regional Medical Center
- Public Health Agency of Canada – National Microbiology Laboratory
- Public Health Laboratory
- Public Health Ontario
- Public Health Ontario Laboratories
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory
- Public Health Virology Laboratory
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Cardiff
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre
- Queens Medical Centre, Clinical Microbiology Department / DeepSeq Nottingham
- R. G. Lugar Center for Public Health Research, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia.
- Ramathibodi Hospital
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
- Residence les Marines
- Residence Villa Caroline
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Microbiology Services Colindale, Public Health England
- RI State Health Laboratories
- RI State Health Laboratory
- RIVM
- Rockhampton Base Hospital
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory
- Royal Darwin Hospital
- Royal Darwin Hospital Pathology
- Russian State Collection of Viruses
- Saitama Medical University
- Saitama Medical University Hospital
- Saitama Prefectural Institute of Public Health
- Santa Clara County Public Health Department
- SC Dept of Health and Env. Control-Bureau of Laboratories
- School of Public Health, The University of Hon g Kong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong
- Seattle Flu Study
- Secretaria de Salud Medellin
- Sentinelles network
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group. FISABIO-Public Health
- Sequencing and Bioinformatics Service. Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory. FISABIO-Public Health
- Serology, Virology and OTDS Laboratories , NSW Health Pathology Randwick
- Service de Biologie clinique
- Service de Biologie Medicale – BP 125
- Service des Urgences
- Servicio de Microbiologia. Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
- Servicio de Microbiologia. Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia
- Servicio Microbiologia. Hospital Clinico Universitario. Valencia.
- Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital
- Singapore General Hospital
- Singapore General Hospital, Molecular Laboratory, Division of Pathology
- Sir M P Shah Government Medical College
- Sir M P Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar
- Sorbonne Universite, Inserm et Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris
- State Health Office Baden-Wuerttemberg
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China 310003
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. 310003
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Department of Collection of Microorganisms
- State Veterinary Institute Prague
- Statens Serum Institute
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology
- Swiss National Reference Centre for Influenza
- Tai Lung Veterinary Laboratory, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
- Taiwan Centers for Disease Control
- Takayuki Hishiki Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health
- Takayuki Hishiki Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Department of Microbiology
- Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs
- Texas Department of State Health Services
- Texas Department of State Health Services Lab Services
- Texas DSHS Lab Services
- TGen North
- Thai National Influenza Center, Department of medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
- The Central Hospital Of Wuhan
- The Chaim Sheba Medical Center
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University & BGI-Shenzhen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
- The National Institute of Public Health Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology
- The National University Hospital of Iceland
- The Ohio State University
- The Ohio State University James Molecular lab
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
- The Ohio State University-James Molecular Lab at Polaris
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden
- The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital
- The University of Hong Kong
- Tianmen Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- TSGH-CP molecular lab
- UCD National Virus Reference Laboratory
- UCSF Clinical Microbiology Laboratory
- ULSS9 Distretto di Bussolengo
- Unilabs Skovde
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Unit for Biological Agents, Department for CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency
- Unit for Laboratory Development and Technology Transfer, Public Health Agency of Sweden
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- University Hospital Basel, Clinical Bacteriology
- University Hospital Basel, Clinical Virology
- University Hospital Basel, Labormedizin
- University Hospital of Northern Norway, Department for Microbiology and Infectious Disease Control
- University Hospitals of Geneva Laboratory of Virology
- University of Otago
- University of Washington Virology Lab
- University of Wisconsin – Madison: Influenza Research Institute
- University of Wisconsin Madison, AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratories
- University of Wisconsin-Madison AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratories
- UNMC COVID-19 Response Team
- Utah Public Health Laboratory
- UW Virology Lab
- VA DCLS
- VA-Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Center, Erciyes University
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory and Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Doherty Institute
- Viral Respiratory Lab, National Institute for Biomedical Research
- Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratories
- ViroGenetics – BSL3 Laboratory of Virology; Human Genome Variation Research Group & Genomics Centre MCB; Bioinformatics Research Group
- ViroGenetics – BSL3 Laboratory of Virology; Human Genome Variation Research Group & Genomics Centre MCB; Bioinformatics Research Group Department of Virology
- ViroGenetics – BSL3 Laboratory of Virology; Human Genome Variation Research Group & Genomics Centre MCB; Bioinformatics Research Group; Wojewodzka Stacja Sanitarno-Epidemiologiczna w Krakowie
- Virological Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre
- Virological Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs
- Virology and Legal Medicine Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University Politecnica delle Marche
- Virology Department, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian / School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh / Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh
- Virology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Virology laboratory Ministry of Health Kuwait sequenced at Dasman Diabetes Institute
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University Politecnica delle Marche
- Virology Laboratory, Scientific Department, Army Medical Center
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge.
- WA State Department of Health
- WACCBIP, University of Ghana
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department.of Health
- Wales Specialist Virology Centre
- Washington State Department of Health
- Washington State Public Health Lab
- Wellington Hospital
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, NHSGGC / MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research
- WHO National Influenza Centre Russian Federation
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo
- Wisconsin Department of Health Services
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital
- Wuhan Lung Hospital yoming Public Health Laboratory
- Yale Clinical Virology Laboratory
- Yale COVID-19 Biorepository
- Yongchuan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention deCODE genetics
- Zhongxian Center for Disease Control and Prevention